White gold

Nickel release from white gold.

Nickel is still the most frequent cause of contact allergy, despite the EU regulation limiting nickel release from consumer items intended for prolonged contact with the skin, such as jewellery, buttons, and watches. It is obvious that the current restriction is insufficient (1). It has been shown that nickel is deposited onto the skin by short and repetitive contact in amounts sufficient to ca...

Mortality of white South African gold miners.

OBJECTIVES This two part study aimed to determine whether there was an excess mortality generally or for some diseases among middle aged white South African gold miners on the Witwatersrand and whether the underground dust exposure of these miners contributed to the development of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or ischaemic heart disease (IHD). METHODS A cohort of ...

Mortality of middle aged white South African gold miners.

A cohort of 3971 white miners in South Africa, born between 1 January 1916 and 31 December 1930 who were alive on 1 January 1970 and currently working in the East Rand-Central Rand-West Rand mining areas, was followed up for nine years, when the 3426 survivors were aged from 48 to 62. Fifteen (0.4%) had been lost to view and 530 had died (13.4% of the 3956 whose vital status was determined). Ba...

The heart of an athlete: black, white, and shades of grey with no gold standard.

T he heart of the athlete has intrigued cardiologists since the original description of increased cardiac dimensions in elite Nordic skiers more than a century ago. 1 Athletes exhibit structural and electric cardiac abnormalities that mimic findings associated with cardiovascular disease. 2 Some early observers regarded the heart of a conditioned athlete as weakened by strenuous training and th...

White Light Generation and Anisotropic Damage in Gold Films near Percolation Threshold